Online Decoder --> https://2cyr.com/decode/
Encoding errors --> https://ftfy.now.sh/
File Signatures List --> Click here
PCAP Analysis: --> https://www.packettotal.com/
Online Cipher Decryptors:
CyberChef - Cipher Decoder Crack Station-Hash Cracker Decrypt Any Kind of Hash
1) Cipher Statistics
2) Index of Coincidence Calculator - Online IC Cryptanalysis Tool
3) Tools List (Awesome and Fantastic Tools) Available on dCode
4) Solve an Aristocrat or Patristocrat
5) RSA attack tool (mainly for ctf) - retreive private key from weak public key and/or uncipher data
5-1) RSA - Find PQ using N
6) BertNase's Own Hide content in a Image made of blocks - npiet fun!
7) Vigenere Solver - www.guballa.de
8) Fernet (Decode)
9) Unicode Text Steganography Encoders/Decoders
10) All in ONE encoders and Decoders Tool
11) Cryptii - Decoder
Image Forensics:
1) Forensically, free online photo forensics tools - 29a.ch
2) StegSolve to decryt data in image files
Online Stegnographic tools
1) https://osric.com/chris/steganography/decode.html
2) http://stylesuxx.github.io/steganography/
3) https://futureboy.us/stegano/decinput.html
4) https://www.pdf-online.com/osa/extract.aspx --> For PDF
Audio Forensics:
1) Decrypt Old tapes with software for Atari 8-bit computers (Software - Download Required)
Encoding errors --> https://ftfy.now.sh/
File Signatures List --> Click here
PCAP Analysis: --> https://www.packettotal.com/
Online Cipher Decryptors:
CyberChef - Cipher Decoder Crack Station-Hash Cracker Decrypt Any Kind of Hash
1) Cipher Statistics
2) Index of Coincidence Calculator - Online IC Cryptanalysis Tool
3) Tools List (Awesome and Fantastic Tools) Available on dCode
4) Solve an Aristocrat or Patristocrat
5) RSA attack tool (mainly for ctf) - retreive private key from weak public key and/or uncipher data
5-1) RSA - Find PQ using N
6) BertNase's Own Hide content in a Image made of blocks - npiet fun!
7) Vigenere Solver - www.guballa.de
8) Fernet (Decode)
9) Unicode Text Steganography Encoders/Decoders
10) All in ONE encoders and Decoders Tool
11) Cryptii - Decoder
Image Forensics:
1) Forensically, free online photo forensics tools - 29a.ch
2) StegSolve to decryt data in image files
Online Stegnographic tools
1) https://osric.com/chris/steganography/decode.html
2) http://stylesuxx.github.io/steganography/
3) https://futureboy.us/stegano/decinput.html
4) https://www.pdf-online.com/osa/extract.aspx --> For PDF
Audio Forensics:
1) Decrypt Old tapes with software for Atari 8-bit computers (Software - Download Required)
strings filename | awk 'length($0)>15' | sort -u
/\
Setting the minimum length
for a string can help clean
out a lot of the garbage.
this will only print strings
with 15 or more chars.
# strings -a -n 15 filename
grep -rnw '/' -ie 'password' --color=always
--> Print files with line numbers where string is found# Grep for words starting with "co"
egrep "^co" common.txt > /cp.txt
#Hex Decode a file
cat key| xxd -r -p > key.bin
fcrackzip -D -p rockyou.txt -u --> crack a zip file using wordlist Download John the Ripper Community Version (Lot of Plugins are Available) zip2john filename.zip > filehash.txt --> creates a hash john filehash.txt -> cracks the password using default wordlist john -wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt.gz filehash.txt![]()
pdfcrack -f file.pdf -w ../stego/rockyou.txt --> crack PDF Files using wordlist
Analyzing Microsoft Office Docs
└─$ sudo -H pip install -U oletools[full] --break-system-packages
#get embedded items in the doc
oleid filename.doc
#List the macros
olevba filename.doc
#Extract embedded objects from OLE files.
oleobj filename.doc
#Extract embedded objects from RTF files.
rtfobj filename.docAnalyzing Event logs for finding violations
sudo usbrip events violations auth.json -f syslog
python latex.py --files file.7z --wordlist rockyou.txt Brute Force 7z Zip files -- 7z Zip Brute Force Github
String -a 'filename.png' --> scans the whole file instead of the data section.
binwalk -e 'filename.png' --> Automatically extracts all files. For this specific file this did not do us any good.
steghide info filename.png --> check the embedded data inside an image; you need a passkey to get the embedded data information
steghide extract -sf filename.png --> extract the embedded data;you need a passkey to get the embedded data extracted into a file
xxd filename --> Hex viewer
xxd -p -c 10000 FILENAME --> Dump all the data in a single lin
xxd -p -r hex.txt > meow --> reversing a file into binary; then file meow --> know the file details
python RsaCtfTool.py -n 2227212908056272288661402263220544270835000977233668976511 -e 3 --uncipher 56274920108122478990888092521371739605513959053
Decrypy the cipher text when n,e and c are given in RSA
cat file.csv | sed -e 's/,,/, ,/g' | column -s, -t | less -#5 -N -S
Read CSV files in linux Properly
echo "whateverthehellTheTextIsAddSpacesToYourText" | sed 's/\(.\{5\}\)/\1 /g'
Add a Space after every 5 Characters#stegnography deccrypter
gem install zsteg
Imaging and Recovery:
scp user@10.10.10.48:/home/recovery.dd /location/filename.dd similar to ssh; used to copy the file into our location xxd filename open with hex editor to view the contents.sudo dcfldd if=/dev/sdb of=/home/recovery.dd if=input location; of=output location
Imaging for Forensics
dd if=\\.\d: of=c:\test.dd bs=1G --size --processVolatality wget https://github.com/volatilityfoundation/volatility/releases/download/2.6.1/volatility_2.6_lin64_standalone.zip unzip volatility_2.6_lin64_standalone.zip mv volatility_2.6_lin64_standalone vol #Get Image Profile - OS ./vol -f Image.raw imageinfo #Use the Profile from previous command #Get Files ./vol -f Image.raw --profile=Win7SP1x86_23418 filescan #Get the offset of the file; from previous command to download └─$ ./vol -f Image.raw --profile=Win7SP1x86_23418 dumpfiles --physoffset=0x000000000aab12345 -u -n -D . #Get TrueCrypt Passwords in memory ./vol -f Image.raw --profile=Win7SP1x86_23418 truecryptpassphrase
pngcheck -v filename.png --> PNGs can contain a variety of data ‘chunks’ that are optional (non-critical) as far as rendering is concerned.
exiftool filename.png --> meta data viewer; check if there are any hash values in it.
file filename.gif --> shows the actual file extension
strings ./filename -- > find the interesting strings any file
ltrace ./filename --> Intercept the functions that are being called.
Unzipping a lopp of files
ZIPFILE=$1
RESULT=0
while [ $RESULT -eq 0 ]
do
PASSWORD=$( unzip -l $ZIPFILE | grep -E "^\s+[0-9]+" | grep -Eo "[0-9]+\.zip" | grep -Eo "[0-9]+" )
unzip -P "$PASSWORD" "$ZIPFILE"
RESULT=$?
echo "Unzipped $ZIPFILE using password $PASSWORD ($RESULT)"
ZIPFILE="$PASSWORD.zip"
done
find / -size 33c -user bandit7 -group bandit6 2>/dev/null
Image Signature: JPG: Both images above show that a regular JPG begins with 0xFFD8 and ends with 0xFFD9 PNG: This shows that PNG images should begin with hex value 0x89504E47 and end with 0xAE426082 BMP: Bitmap images have an inconsistency in their end values from my study, but their beginning hex values are 0x424D36 GIF: Similar to bitmaps, end values for gif images vary, but they usually begin with 0x47494638
Data Recovery when you accidentally Delete a Partition https://dmde.com/
The techniques described cover a broad range of digital forensics activities, including file analysis, image and audio forensics, steganography, metadata inspection, memory analysis, and forensic imaging. These methods can be useful for examining evidence, identifying hidden information, and understanding the structure of suspicious or recovered files. Practical learners can organize these concepts into structured exercises through Information Security Projects.
ReplyDeleteFile and image analysis commonly involves utilities such as strings, xxd, file, exiftool, pngcheck, and binwalk, while memory-forensics workflows in the source use Volatility to examine captured memory images. The material also covers techniques for identifying file signatures, inspecting embedded objects, and examining event logs, providing a useful overview of different forensic investigation stages.
ReplyDeleteThe source also includes examples involving password-protected archives, encrypted data, steganographic content, and cryptographic material. These commands should be used only on files, systems, and evidence for which you have authorization, particularly when testing password recovery or examining potentially sensitive data. Students interested in applying these concepts to practical cybersecurity work can explore Cyber Security Projects for Final Year.